Probiotics/prebiotics modify gut microbiota and obesity risk best probiotics mark hyman

Probiotics are defined as “living microorganisms that are beneficial to the body when taken in sufficient amounts”. Studies have confirmed that probiotics can reduce serum cholesterol, regulate bile acid synthesis, reduce the release of inflammatory factors, reduce lipid peroxidation and improve lipid metabolism in the body, and have anti-obesity and diabetes-induced systemic inflammatory effects (24] Li et al. 25) After taking triple viable bacteria preparations (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus thermophilus) to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease model mice for 4 weeks, it was found that the total fatty acid content in the liver and the serum aminotransferase level of the mice were significantly lower than before. , which is related to probiotics inhibiting the body’s inflammatory response and lipid metabolism by reducing the activity of JunN-terminal kinase (JNK) and nuclear factor-kB (nuclearfactor kappaBNF-kB). Ma et al. found that probiotics can increase the number of natural killer cells in the liver, block inflammatory signaling pathways, and have a therapeutic effect on insulin resistance and fatty liver in high-fat diet-induced obese mice by reversing insulin resistance and fat deposition in liver cells. 26]. Prebiotics refer to substances that can selectively stimulate the growth and/or activation of one or more beneficial bacteria in the host’s intestinal tract, and enhance the health of the host without being digested by the host’s gastrointestinal tract, such as oligofructose OFS and oligosaccharides. Galactose (galacto-oligosaccharide, GOS), and ferment the difficult-to-decompose carbohydrates in the intestine to produce SCFAs and other metabolites, improve the structure of intestinal flora, and promote nutrient metabolism [27]. After oral administration of Lactobacillus gasseri to obese patients for 12 weeks, Kadooka28 and others found that obese patients had reduced abdominal fat and significant weight loss. Dewulf et al. [29] found that fecal Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii bacteria increased in obese women after ingesting inulin-type fructans, which was inversely proportional to serum LPS levels. It is suggested that prebiotics can selectively improve the intestinal flora structure of obese people, and exert anti-obesity effect by affecting nutrient metabolism. There are limited reports in the literature on the effect of probiotic/prebiotic supplementation in early life on long-term obesity risk. Luoto et al.30] followed the children of pregnant women who used probiotics in the perinatal period for 10 years and found that the use of Lactobacillus rhamnosus by pregnant mothers 4 weeks before delivery and within 6 months after birth could control children within 2 years of age Excessive weight gain, but not on subsequent growth stages.probioticseverything.com best probiotics mark hyman best probiotics mark hyman